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Riding on the success of 3D cinema blockbusters and advances in stereoscopic display technology, 3D video applications have gathered momentum in recent years. 3D-TV System with Depth-Image-Based Rendering: Architectures, Techniques and Challenges surveys depth-image-based 3D-TV systems, which are expected to be put into applications in the near future. Depth-image-based rendering (DIBR) significantly enhances the 3D visual experience compared to stereoscopic systems currently in use. DIBR techniques make it possible to generate additional viewpoints using 3D warping techniques to adjust the perceived depth of stereoscopic videos and provide for auto-stereoscopic displays that do not require glasses for viewing the 3D image.

The material includes a technical review and literature survey of components and complete systems, solutions for technical issues, and implementation of prototypes. The book is organized into four sections: System Overview, Content Generation, Data Compression and Transmission, and 3D Visualization and Quality Assessment. This book will benefit researchers, developers, engineers, and innovators, as well as advanced undergraduate and graduate students working in relevant areas.

• Ce Zhu
• Yin Zhao
• Lu Yu
• Masayuki Tanimoto

1. 1., School of Electrical & ElectronicNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
2. 2.Electronic EngineeringDepartment of Information Science &HangzhouChina, People's Republic
3. 3., Department of Information Science &Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina, People's Republic
4. 4.Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering andNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan

Bibliographic information

Results

Table 1 shows the age-specific incidence for British males born during different time periods. The risk of malignant melanoma within each cohort rises consistently throughout life, as is true for most other cancers⁸. Figure 1 shows the age-incidence curves for both genders from Great Britain, the USA, and Australia for successive birth cohorts from 1895–99 to 1975–79.

Figure 1. The age-specific incidence of melanoma in different time periods and different countries.

The plots show the incidence for males (left) and females (right) in Great Britain (top row), USA (middle row), and Australia (bottom row) for the birth cohorts shown in the top legend. The plots do not show the intermediate decadal cohorts because of visual limitations in plotting the data. The plots are based on the summary given in Dataset 1, derived from the data and analyses in Dataset 2–Dataset 5. Both axes are scaled logarithmically.

From Figure 1, it appears that, over time, there has been a tendency for the acceleration (slope) of the incidence curves to decline. The decline in acceleration over time seems particularly strong for certain datasets shown in Figure 1, for example, for British males. Other datasets, such as Australian females, seem not to show a clear trend. Thus, it is helpful to make a more direct analysis for the changing acceleration patterns between the different datasets.

To describe the tendency for age-specific acceleration to decline over birth cohorts, we calculated the following summary statistics separately for each of the 6 datasets represented by the 6 panels in Figure 2. In each successive pair of the 17 cohorts, we used data only for the common ages shared by the two cohorts. For those common ages, we estimated by linear regression the slope of the log-log age-incidence data, which estimates the age-specific acceleration. We then calculated the ratio of the accelerations for the more recent cohort relative to the prior cohort, and used the logarithm base 2 value of that ratio. A negative value means the more recent cohort has a lower slope.

Figure 2. The age-specific acceleration of melanoma in different time periods and different countries.

The plots show the acceleration for males (left) and females (right) in Great Britain (top row), USA (middle row), and Australia (bottom row) for the birth cohorts shown in the top legend. The plots do not show the intermediate decadal cohorts because of visual limitations in plotting the data. The plots are based on the summary given in Dataset 6, derived from the data and analyses in Dataset 2–Dataset 5.

The average of the logarithms over the successive pairs of cohorts describes the geometric mean of the slopes, capturing the multiplicative tendency of the slope to change over cohorts. A negative value expresses an overall tendency for the slope to decline over time.

To gain a sense of the trend in acceleration over the successive cohorts, Table 2 shows, for each of the 6 datasets, the average logarithm for the ratio of successive slopes, and the standard error of that average. We also calculated the average logarithm divided by the standard error of that average, which gives the deviation from zero in terms of the number of standard errors of the mean.

The overall trends suggest that acceleration has declined over time, consistent with the general visual pattern shown in Figure 2. However, Table 2 shows that there is significant variation in the trends between genders and countries, also apparent from Figure 1 and Figure 2.

In every case the overall tendency over the cohorts has been for incidence to increase and acceleration (slope) to decline.