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Chapter 2. Installing and Upgrading MySQL
End of Product LifecycleActive development and support for MySQL Database Server version 5.0 has ended. However, there is still extended support available. For details, see http://www.mysql.com/about/legal/lifecycle/#calendar. According to the MySQL Lifecycle Policy (see http://www.mysql.com/about/legal/lifecycle/#policy), only Security and Severity Level 1 issues will still be fixed for MySQL 5.0. Please consider upgrading to a recent version.
2.1. MySQL Installation Overview
This chapter describes how to obtain and install MySQL. You can choose to install MySQL Enterprise or MySQL Community Server:
If you plan to upgrade an existing version of MySQL to a newer version rather than install MySQL for the first time, see Section 2.19.1, “Upgrading MySQL”, for information about upgrade procedures and about issues that you should consider before upgrading.
If you are interested in migrating to MySQL from another database system, you may wish to read Section A.8, “MySQL 5.0 FAQ: Migration”, which contains answers to some common questions concerning migration issues.
2.2. Determining your current MySQL version
To determine the version and release of your currently installed MySQL installation, there are a number of options.
Using a command client (), the server version of the MySQL server to which you are connected is shown once you are connected. The server version information includes or accordingly.
For example, here is the output from a MySQL Community Server edition installed on Linux:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 6 Server version: 5.0.27-standard MySQL Community Edition - Standard (GPL) Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer. mysql>This is an example of the output from MySQL Enterprise Server on Windows:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.0.28-enterprise-gpl-nt MySQL Enterprise Server (GPL) Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.You may also determine the version information using the version variables. Both the version and version_comment variables contain version information for the server to which you are connected. Use the statement to obtain the information you want, as shown in this example:
mysql> +-------------------------+------------------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-------------------------+------------------------------------------+ | protocol_version | 10 | | version | 5.0.27-standard | | version_comment | MySQL Community Edition - Standard (GPL) | | version_compile_machine | i686 | | version_compile_os | pc-linux-gnu | +-------------------------+------------------------------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.04 sec)You can also obtain server version information in the mysql client using the statement. In addition, MySQL Administrator also shows the server version in the Server Information tab. However, in both of these cases, only the value of is shown.
The command displays the version as well as version comment information. For example:
mysql> -------------- ./client/mysql Ver 14.12 Distrib 5.0.29, for pc-linux-gnu (i686) using readline 5.0 Connection id: 8 Current database: Current user: mc@localhost SSL: Not in use Current pager: /usr/bin/less Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.0.27-standard MySQL Community Edition - Standard (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket Server characterset: latin1 Db characterset: latin1 Client characterset: latin1 Conn. characterset: latin1 UNIX socket: /tmp/mysql.sock Uptime: 1 day 3 hours 58 min 43 sec Threads: 2 Questions: 17 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 11 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 6 Queries per second avg: 0.000 --------------
2.3. Notes for MySQL Enterprise Server
To obtain MySQL Enterprise, visit http://enterprise.mysql.com if you're a customer. Otherwise, visit http://www.mysql.com/products/enterprise/. The platforms that are officially supported for MySQL Enterprise are listed at http://www.mysql.com/support/supportedplatforms.html.
MySQL Enterprise Server is available for download in the form of Quarterly Service Pack (QSP) or Monthly Rapid Update (MRU) binary releases.
To install MySQL Enterprise Server, you should use the latest available Quarterly Service Pack (QSP). This includes an accumulation of the bug fixes provided in all predecessor QSP and MRU releases.
MRU releases are provided on a monthly basis and represent the most current Enterprise Server bug fixes. Each MRU is an accumulation of the bug fixes included in its predecessor. Customers should standardize on the latest MRU release only if it includes a needed bug fix.
2.3.1. Enterprise Server Distribution Types
Enterprise Server releases will be created for the following packages from the MySQL 5.0 tree:
: Released under a commercial license and includes the following storage engines: , , , , , , , .
: Same as , but released under the GPL.
: plus MySQL Cluster ().
: Released under a commercial license, does not include .
: Same as , but available for the community, and released every 6 months.
To satisfy different user requirements, we provide several servers. mysqld is an optimized server that is a smaller, faster binary. mysqld-debug is compiled with debugging support but is otherwise configured identically to the nondebug server.
Each of these servers is compiled from the same source distribution, though with different configuration options. All native MySQL clients can connect to servers from either MySQL version.
2.3.2. Upgrading MySQL Enterprise Server
When upgrading to MySQL Enterprise from Community Server you need only follow the installation process to install and upgrade the packages to the latest version provided by MySQL Enterprise. You will also need to install the latest MySQL Enterprise Service Pack and any outstanding MySQL Hot-fix packs.
Be aware, however, that you must take into account any of the changes when moving between major releases. You should also check the release notes for details on major changes between revisions of MySQL Enterprise Server (see Appendix C, MySQL Change History).
You should also review the notes and advice contained within Section 2.19.1, “Upgrading MySQL”.
2.4. Notes for MySQL Community Server
2.4.1. Overview of MySQL Community Server Installation
Determine whether MySQL runs and is supported on your platform. Not all platforms are equally suitable for running MySQL, and not all platforms on which MySQL is known to run are officially supported by Oracle Corporation. For a list of platforms on which MySQL Community Server runs, see Section 2.4.2, “Operating Systems Supported by MySQL Community Server”.
Choose which distribution to install. Several versions of MySQL are available, and most are available in multiple distribution formats. You can choose from prepackaged distributions containing binary (precompiled) programs or source code. When in doubt, use a binary distribution. We also provide public access to our current source trees for those who want to see our most recent developments and to help us test new code. To determine which version and type of distribution you should use, see Section 2.4.3, “Choosing Which MySQL Distribution to Install”.
Download the distribution that you want to install. For download instructions, see Section 2.5, “How to Get MySQL”. To verify the integrity of the distribution, use the instructions in Section 2.6, “Verifying Package Integrity Using MD5 Checksums or ”.
Install the distribution. To install MySQL from a binary distribution, use the instructions in Section 2.9, “Standard MySQL Installation from a Binary Distribution”. To install MySQL from a source distribution or from the current development source tree, use the instructions in Section 2.17, “MySQL Installation from a Source Distribution”.
If you encounter installation difficulties, see Section 2.20, “Operating System-Specific Notes”, for information on solving problems for particular platforms.
Perform any necessary post-installation setup. After installing MySQL, read Section 2.18, “Post-Installation Setup and Testing”, which contains important information about making sure the MySQL server is working properly. It also describes how to secure the initial MySQL user accounts, which have no passwords until you assign passwords. The information in this section applies whether you install MySQL using a binary or source distribution.
Perform setup for running benchmarks (optional). If you want to use the MySQL benchmark scripts, Perl support for MySQL must be available. See Section 2.22, “Perl Installation Notes”, for more information.
The sections immediately following this one contain necessary information about choosing, downloading, and verifying your distribution. The instructions in later sections of the chapter describe how to install the distribution that you choose. For binary distributions, see the instructions in Section 2.9, “Standard MySQL Installation from a Binary Distribution”. To build MySQL from source, use the instructions in Section 2.17, “MySQL Installation from a Source Distribution”.
2.4.2. Operating Systems Supported by MySQL Community Server
This section lists the operating systems on which MySQL Community Server is known to run.
Oracle Corporation does not necessarily provide official support for all the platforms listed in this section. For information about those platforms that are officially supported, see http://www.mysql.com/support/supportedplatforms.html on the MySQL Web site.
We use GNU Autoconf, so it is possible to port MySQL to all modern systems that have a C++ compiler and a working implementation of POSIX threads. (Thread support is needed for the server. To compile only the client code, the only requirement is a C++ compiler.)
MySQL has been reported to compile successfully on the following combinations of operating system and thread package.
AIX 4.x and 5.x with native threads. See Section 2.20.5.3, “IBM-AIX notes”. AIX 5.3 should be upgraded to technology level 7 (5300-07).
Amiga.
FreeBSD 5.x and up with native threads.
HP-UX 11.x with native threads. See Section 2.20.5.2, “HP-UX Version 11.x Notes”.
Linux. MySQL builds on all fairly recent Linux distributions with 2.3. See Section 2.20.1, “Linux Notes”.
Mac OS X. See Section 2.11, “Installing MySQL on Mac OS X”.
NetBSD 1.3/1.4 Intel and NetBSD 1.3 Alpha. See Section 2.20.4.2, “NetBSD Notes”.
Novell NetWare 6.0 and 6.5. See Section 2.15, “Installing MySQL on NetWare”.
SCO OpenServer 5.0.X with a recent port of the FSU Pthreads package. See Section 2.20.5.8, “SCO UNIX and OpenServer 5.0.x Notes”.
SCO Openserver 6.0.x. See Section 2.20.5.9, “SCO OpenServer 6.0.x Notes”.
SCO UnixWare 7.1.x. See Section 2.20.5.10, “SCO UnixWare 7.1.x and OpenUNIX 8.0.0 Notes”.
SGI Irix 6.x with native threads. See Section 2.20.5.7, “SGI Irix Notes”.
Solaris 2.5 and above with native threads on SPARC and x86. See Section 2.20.3, “Solaris Notes”.
Tru64 Unix. See Section 2.20.5.5, “Alpha-DEC-UNIX Notes (Tru64)”.
Windows 2000, XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, and Windows Server 2008. See Section 2.10, “Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows”.
MySQL has also been known to run on other systems in the past. See Section 2.20, “Operating System-Specific Notes”. Some porting effort might be required for current versions of MySQL on these systems.
Not all platforms are equally well suited for running MySQL. How well a certain platform is suited for a high-load mission-critical MySQL server is determined by the following factors:
General stability of the thread library. A platform may have an excellent reputation otherwise, but MySQL is only as stable as the thread library it calls, even if everything else is perfect.
The capability of the kernel and the thread library to take advantage of symmetric multi-processor (SMP) systems. When a process creates a thread, it should be possible for that thread to run on a CPU different from the original process.
Multi-threading and handling of mutexes. The capability of the kernel and the thread library to run many threads that acquire and release a mutex over a short critical region frequently without excessive context switches. If the implementation of does not easily yield CPU time, this hurts MySQL tremendously. If this issue is not taken care of, adding extra CPUs actually makes MySQL slower.
File system stability and performance. MySQL's stability and performance are directly affected by those of the operating platform's file system. In particular, where large tables are in use, performance is affected by the ability of the file system to deal with large files at all and to deal with them efficiently.
Expertise with the platform. If we know a platform well, we enable platform-specific optimizations and fixes at compile time. We can also provide advice on configuring your system optimally for MySQL. This is also affected by the amount of testing we have done internally for similar configurations, as well as by the number of users that have run MySQL successfully on the platform in similar configurations. If these figures are high, the likelihood of encountering platform-specific surprises is much smaller.
2.4.3. Choosing Which MySQL Distribution to Install
When preparing to install MySQL, you should decide which version to use. MySQL development occurs in several release series, and you can pick the one that best fits your needs. After deciding which version to install, you can choose a distribution format. Releases are available in binary or source format.
2.4.3.1. Choosing Which Version of MySQL to Install
The first decision to make is whether you want to use a production (stable) release or a development release. In the MySQL development process, multiple release series co-exist, each at a different stage of maturity:
MySQL 5.5 and 5.6 are the current development release series.
MySQL 5.1 is the current General Availability (Production) release series. New releases are issued for bugfixes only; no new features are being added that could affect stability.
MySQL 5.0 is the previous stable (production-quality) release series. MySQL 5.0 is now at the end of the product lifecycle. Active development and support for this version has ended.
Extended support for MySQL 5.0 remains available. According to the http://www.mysql.com/about/legal/lifecycle/, only Security and Severity Level 1 issues are still being fixed for MySQL 5.0.
MySQL 4.1, 4.0, and 3.23 are old stable (production-quality) release series. Active development and support for these versions has ended.
We do not use a complete code freeze because this prevents us from making bugfixes and other fixes that must be done. We may add small things that should not affect anything that currently works in a production release. Naturally, relevant bugfixes from an earlier series propagate to later series.
Normally, if you are beginning to use MySQL for the first time or trying to port it to some system for which there is no binary distribution, go with the General Availability release series. Currently, this is MySQL 5.1. All MySQL releases, even those from development series, are checked with the MySQL benchmarks and an extensive test suite before being issued.
If you are running an older system and want to upgrade, but do not want to take the chance of having a nonseamless upgrade, you should upgrade to the latest version in the same release series you are using (where only the last part of the version number is newer than yours). We have tried to fix only fatal bugs and make only small, relatively “safe” changes to that version.
If you want to use new features not present in the production release series, you can use a version from a development series. Be aware that development releases are not as stable as production releases.
If you want to use the very latest sources containing all current patches and bugfixes, you can use one of our source code repositories (see Section 2.17.3, “Installing from the Development Source Tree”). These are not “releases” as such, but are available as previews of the code on which future releases are to be based.
The naming scheme in MySQL 5.0 uses release names that consist of three numbers and a suffix; for example, mysql-5.0.14-rc. The numbers within the release name are interpreted as follows:
The first number (5) is the major version and describes the file format. All MySQL 5 releases have the same file format.
The second number (0) is the release level. Taken together, the major version and release level constitute the release series number.
The third number (14) is the version number within the release series. This is incremented for each new release. Usually you want the latest version for the series you have chosen.
For each minor update, the last number in the version string is incremented. When there are major new features or minor incompatibilities with previous versions, the second number in the version string is incremented. When the file format changes, the first number is increased.
Release names also include a suffix to indicates the stability level of the release. Releases within a series progress through a set of suffixes to indicate how the stability level improves. The possible suffixes are:
alpha indicates that the release is for preview purposes only. Known bugs should be documented in the News section (see Appendix C, MySQL Change History). Most alpha releases implement new commands and extensions. Active development that may involve major code changes can occur in an alpha release. However, we do conduct testing before issuing a release.
beta indicates that the release is appropriate for use with new development. Within beta releases, the features and compatibility should remain consistent. However, beta releases may contain numerous and major unaddressed bugs.
No APIs, externally visible structures, or columns for SQL statements will change during future beta, release candidate, or production releases.
rc indicates a Release Candidate. Release candidates are believed to be stable, having passed all of MySQL's internal testing, and with all known fatal runtime bugs fixed. However, the release has not been in widespread use long enough to know for sure that all bugs have been identified. Only minor fixes are added. (A release candidate is what formerly was known as a gamma release.)
If there is no suffix, it indicates that the release is a General Availability (GA) or Production release. GA releases are stable, having successfully passed through all earlier release stages and are believed to be reliable, free of serious bugs, and suitable for use in production systems. Only critical bugfixes are applied to the release.
All releases of MySQL are run through our standard tests and benchmarks to ensure that they are relatively safe to use. Because the standard tests are extended over time to check for all previously found bugs, the test suite keeps getting better.
All releases have been tested at least with these tools:
An internal test suite. The directory contains an extensive set of test cases. We run these tests for every server binary. See Section 21.1.2, “MySQL Test Suite”, for more information about this test suite.
The MySQL benchmark suite. This suite runs a range of common queries. It is also a test to determine whether the latest batch of optimizations actually made the code faster. See Section 7.1.3, “The MySQL Benchmark Suite”.
We also perform additional integration and nonfunctional testing of the latest MySQL version in our internal production environment. Integration testing is done with different connectors, storage engines, replication modes, backup, partitioning, stored programs, and so forth in various combinations. Additional nonfunctional testing is done in areas of performance, concurrency, stress, high volume, upgrade and downgrade.
2.4.3.2. Choosing a Distribution Format
After choosing which version of MySQL to install, you should decide whether to use a binary distribution or a source distribution. In most cases, you should probably use a binary distribution, if one exists for your platform. Binary distributions are available in native format for many platforms, such as RPM files for Linux or PKG package installers for Mac OS X or Solaris. Distributions also are available as Zip archives or compressed tar files.
Reasons to choose a binary distribution include the following:
Binary distributions generally are easier to install than source distributions.
To satisfy different user requirements, we provide several servers in binary distributions. mysqld is an optimized server that is a smaller, faster binary. mysqld-debug is compiled with debugging support.
Each of these servers is compiled from the same source distribution, though with different configuration options. All native MySQL clients can connect to servers from either MySQL version.
Under some circumstances, you may be better off installing MySQL from a source distribution:
You want to install MySQL at some explicit location. The standard binary distributions are ready to run at any installation location, but you might require even more flexibility to place MySQL components where you want.
You want to configure mysqld to ensure that features are available that might not be included in the standard binary distributions. Here is a list of the most common extra options that you may want to use to ensure feature availability:
(not available on all platforms)
(this is done for some of the binaries)
You want to configure mysqld without some features that are included in the standard binary distributions. For example, distributions normally are compiled with support for all character sets. If you want a smaller MySQL server, you can recompile it with support for only the character sets you need.
You have a special compiler (such as ) or want to use compiler options that are better optimized for your processor. Binary distributions are compiled with options that should work on a variety of processors from the same processor family.
You want to use the latest sources from one of the Bazaar repositories to have access to all current bugfixes. For example, if you have found a bug and reported it to the MySQL development team, the bugfix is committed to the source repository and you can access it there. The bugfix does not appear in a release until a release actually is issued.
You want to read (or modify) the C and C++ code that makes up MySQL. For this purpose, you should get a source distribution, because the source code is always the ultimate manual.
Source distributions contain more tests and examples than binary distributions.
2.4.3.3. How and When Updates Are Released
MySQL is evolving quite rapidly and we want to share new developments with other MySQL users. We try to produce a new release whenever we have new and useful features that others also seem to have a need for.
We also try to help users who request features that are easy to implement. We take note of what our licensed users want, and we especially take note of what our support customers want and try to help them in this regard.
No one is required to download a new release. The News section helps you determine whether the new release has something you really want. See Appendix C, MySQL Change History.
We use the following policy when updating MySQL:
Enterprise Server releases are meant to appear every 18 months, supplemented by quarterly service packs and monthly rapid updates. Community Server releases are meant to appear 2–3 times per year.
Releases are issued within each series. For each release, the last number in the version is one more than the previous release within the same series.
Binary distributions for some platforms are made by us for major releases. Other people may make binary distributions for other systems, but probably less frequently.
We make fixes available as soon as we have identified and corrected small or noncritical but annoying bugs. The fixes are available in source form immediately from our public Bazaar repositories, and are included in the next release.
If by any chance a security vulnerability or critical bug is found in a release, our policy is to fix it in a new release as soon as possible. (We would like other companies to do this, too!)
2.6. Verifying Package Integrity Using MD5 Checksums or
After you have downloaded the MySQL package that suits your needs and before you attempt to install it, you should make sure that it is intact and has not been tampered with. There are three means of integrity checking:
MD5 checksums
Cryptographic signatures using , the GNU Privacy Guard
For RPM packages, the built-in RPM integrity verification mechanism
The following sections describe how to use these methods.
If you notice that the MD5 checksum or GPG signatures do not match, first try to download the respective package one more time, perhaps from another mirror site. If you repeatedly cannot successfully verify the integrity of the package, please notify us about such incidents, including the full package name and the download site you have been using, at or . Do not report downloading problems using the bug-reporting system.
2.6.1. Verifying the MD5 Checksum
After you have downloaded a MySQL package, you should make sure that its MD5 checksum matches the one provided on the MySQL download pages. Each package has an individual checksum that you can verify with the following command, where is the name of the package you downloaded:
shell>Example:
shell> aaab65abbec64d5e907dcd41b8699945 mysql-standard-5.0.92-linux-i686.tar.gzYou should verify that the resulting checksum (the string of hexadecimal digits) matches the one displayed on the download page immediately below the respective package.
Make sure to verify the checksum of the archive file (for example, the or file) and not of the files that are contained inside of the archive.
Note that not all operating systems support the md5sum command. On some, it is simply called md5, and others do not ship it at all. On Linux, it is part of the GNU Text Utilities package, which is available for a wide range of platforms. You can download the source code from http://www.gnu.org/software/textutils/ as well. If you have OpenSSL installed, you can use the command openssl md5 instead. A Windows implementation of the md5 command line utility is available from http://www.fourmilab.ch/md5/. winMd5Sum is a graphical MD5 checking tool that can be obtained from http://www.nullriver.com/index/products/winmd5sum.
2.6.2. Signature Checking Using
Another method of verifying the integrity and authenticity of a package is to use cryptographic signatures. This is more reliable than using MD5 checksums, but requires more work.
We sign MySQL downloadable packages with GnuPG (GNU Privacy Guard). GnuPG is an Open Source alternative to the well-known Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) by Phil Zimmermann. See http://www.gnupg.org/ for more information about GnuPG and how to obtain and install it on your system. Most Linux distributions ship with GnuPG installed by default. For more information about GnuPG, see http://www.openpgp.org/.
To verify the signature for a specific package, you first need to obtain a copy of our public GPG build key, which you can download from http://keyserver.pgp.com/. The key that you want to obtain is named . Alternatively, you can cut and paste the key directly from the following text:
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- Version: GnuPG v1.4.To import the build key into your personal public GPG keyring, use gpg --import. For example, if you have saved the key in a file named , the import command looks like this:
shell> gpg: key 5072E1F5: public key "MySQL Package signing key (www.mysql.com) <build@mysql.com>" imported gpg: Total number processed: 1 gpg: imported: 1 gpg: no ultimately trusted keys foundYou can also download the key from the public keyserver using the public key id, :
shell> gpg --recv-keys 5072E1F5 gpg: requesting key 5072E1F5 from hkp server subkeys.pgp.net gpg: key 5072E1F5: "MySQL Package signing key (www.mysql.com) <build@mysql.com>" 2 new signatures gpg: no ultimately trusted keys found gpg: Total number processed: 1 gpg: new signatures: 2If you want to import the key into your RPM configuration to validate RPM install packages, you should be able to import the key directly:
shell>If you experience problems, try exporting the key from gpg and importing:
shell> gpg --export -a 5072e1f5 > 5072e1f5.asc shell> rpm --import 5072e1f5.ascAlternatively, rpm also supports loading the key directly from a URL, and you cas use this manual page:
shell>After you have downloaded and imported the public build key, download your desired MySQL package and the corresponding signature, which also is available from the download page. The signature file has the same name as the distribution file with an extension, as shown by the examples in the following table.
| Distribution file |
| Signature file |
Make sure that both files are stored in the same directory and then run the following command to verify the signature for the distribution file:
shell>Example:
shell> gpg: Signature made Tue 12 Jul 2005 23:35:41 EST using DSA key ID 5072E1F5 gpg: Good signature from "MySQL Package signing key (www.mysql.com) <build@mysql.com>"The message indicates that everything is all right. You can ignore any warning you might obtain.
See the GPG documentation for more information on how to work with public keys.
2.6.3. Signature Checking Using
For RPM packages, there is no separate signature. RPM packages have a built-in GPG signature and MD5 checksum. You can verify a package by running the following command:
shell>Example:
shell> MySQL-server-5.0.92-0.glibc23.i386.rpm: md5 gpg OKIf you are using RPM 4.1 and it shows the error (GPG) NOT OK (MISSING KEYS: GPG#5072e1f5) even though you have imported the MySQL public build key into your own GPG keyring, you need to import the key into the RPM keyring first. RPM 4.1 no longer uses your personal GPG keyring (or GPG itself). Rather, it maintains its own keyring because it is a system-wide application and a user's GPG public keyring is a user-specific file. To import the MySQL public key into the RPM keyring, first obtain the key as described in Section 2.6.2, “Signature Checking Using ”. Then use rpm --import to import the key. For example, if you have saved the public key in a file named , import it using this command:
If you need to obtain the MySQL public key, see Section 2.6.2, “Signature Checking Using ”.
2.7. Installation Layouts
This section describes the default layout of the directories created by installing binary or source distributions provided by Oracle Corporation. A distribution provided by another vendor might use a layout different from those shown here.
For MySQL 5.0 on Windows, the default installation directory is . (Some Windows users prefer to install in , the directory that formerly was used as the default. However, the layout of the subdirectories remains the same.) The installation directory has the following subdirectories:
Table 2.1. MySQL Installation Layout for Windows
| Directory | Contents of Directory |
|---|---|
| Client programs and the mysqld server | |
| Log files, databases | |
| Manual in CHM format | |
| Example programs and scripts | |
| Include (header) files | |
| Libraries | |
| Utility scripts | |
| Miscellaneous support files, including error messages, character set files, sample configuration files, SQL for database installation |
Installations created from our Linux RPM distributions result in files under the following system directories:
Table 2.2. MySQL Installation Layout for Linux RPM
| Directory | Contents of Directory |
|---|---|
| Client programs and scripts | |
| The mysqld server | |
| Log files, databases | |
| Manual in Info format | |
| Unix man pages | |
| Include (header) files | |
| Libraries | |
| Miscellaneous support files, including error messages, character set files, sample configuration files, SQL for database installation | |
| Benchmarks |
On Unix, a tar file binary distribution is installed by unpacking it at the installation location you choose (typically ) and creates the following directories in that location:
Table 2.3. MySQL Installation Layout for Generic Unix/Linux Binary Package
| Directory | Contents of Directory |
|---|---|
| Client programs and the mysqld server | |
| Log files, databases | |
| Manual in Info format | |
| Unix manual pages | |
| Include (header) files | |
| Libraries | |
| mysql_install_db | |
| Miscellaneous support files, including error messages, character set files, sample configuration files, SQL for database installation | |
| Benchmarks |
A source distribution is installed after you configure and compile it. By default, the installation step installs files under , in the following subdirectories:
Table 2.4. MySQL Layout for Source Installation
| Directory | Contents of Directory |
|---|---|
| Client programs and scripts | |
| Include (header) files | |
| Manual in Info, CHM formats | |
| Unix manual pages | |
| Libraries | |
| The mysqld server | |
| Miscellaneous support files, including error messages, character set files, sample configuration files, SQL for database installation | |
| Benchmarks and test | |
| Databases and log files |
Within its installation directory, the layout of a source installation differs from that of a binary installation in the following ways:
The mysqld server is installed in the directory rather than in the directory.
The data directory is rather than .
mysql_install_db is installed in the directory rather than in the directory.
The header file and library directories are and rather than and .
You can create your own binary installation from a compiled source distribution by executing the script from the top directory of the source distribution.
2.8. Compiler-Specific Build Characteristics
In some cases, the compiler used to build MySQL affects the features available for use. The notes in this section apply for binary distributions provided by Oracle Corporation or that you compile yourself from source.
icc (Intel C++ Compiler) Builds
A server built with icc has these characteristics:
SSL support is not included.
2.9. Standard MySQL Installation from a Binary Distribution
The next several sections cover the installation of MySQL on platforms where we offer packages using the native packaging format of the respective platform. (This is also known as performing a binary installation.) However, binary distributions of MySQL are available for many other platforms as well. See Section 2.16, “Installing MySQL from Packages on Other Unix-Like Systems”, for generic installation instructions for these packages that apply to all platforms.
See Section 2.4, “Notes for MySQL Community Server”, for more information on what other binary distributions are available and how to obtain them.
2.10. Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows
A native Windows distribution of MySQL has been available since version 3.21 and represents a sizable percentage of the daily downloads of MySQL. This section describes the process for installing MySQL on Windows.
To run MySQL on Windows, you need the following:
A Windows operating system such as 2000, XP, Vista, or Windows Server 2003. Only 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Windows 2000 and later are supported. Windows 95/98/ME and versions of Windows older than these are no longer supported.
A Windows operating system permits you to run the MySQL server as a service. See Section 2.10.4.7, “Starting MySQL as a Windows Service”.
Generally, you should install MySQL on Windows using an account that has administrator rights. Otherwise, you may encounter problems with certain operations such as editing the environment variable or accessing the Service Control Manager.
TCP/IP protocol support.
Enough space on the hard drive to unpack, install, and create the databases in accordance with your requirements (generally a minimum of 200 megabytes is recommended.)
For a list of limitations within the Windows version of MySQL, see Section D.7.3, “Windows Platform Limitations”.
There may also be other requirements, depending on how you plan to use MySQL:
MySQL for Windows is available in several distribution formats:
Binary distributions are available that contain a setup program that installs everything you need so that you can start the server immediately. Another binary distribution format contains an archive that you simply unpack in the installation location and then configure yourself. For details, see Section 2.10.1, “Choosing An Installation Package”.
The source distribution contains all the code and support files for building the executables using the Visual Studio compiler system.
Generally speaking, you should use a binary distribution that includes an installer. It is simpler to use than the others, and you need no additional tools to get MySQL up and running. The installer for the Windows version of MySQL, combined with a GUI Configuration Wizard, automatically installs MySQL, creates an option file, starts the server, and secures the default user accounts.
Using virus scanning software such as Norton/Symantec Anti-Virus on directories containing MySQL data and temporary tables can cause issues, both in terms of the performance of MySQL and the virus-scanning software mis-identifying the contents of the files as containing spam. This is because of the fingerprinting mechanism used by the virus scanning software, and the way in which MySQL rapidly updates different files, which may be identified as a potential security risk.
After installing MySQL Server, it is recommended that you disable virus scanning on the main directory () being used to store your MySQL table data. There is usually a system built into the virus scanning software to permit certain directories to be specifically ignored during virus scanning.
In addition, by default, MySQL creates temporary files in the standard Windows temporary directory. To prevent the temporary files also being scanned, you should configure a separate temporary directory for MySQL temporary files and add this to the virus scanning exclusion list. To do this, add a configuration option for the parameter to your configuration file. For more information, see Section 2.10.4.2, “Creating an Option File”.
The following section describes how to install MySQL on Windows using a binary distribution. To use an installation package that does not include an installer, follow the procedure described in Section 2.10.4, “Installing MySQL from a Noinstall Zip Archive”. To install using a source distribution, see Section 2.10.8, “Installing MySQL from Source on Windows”.
MySQL distributions for Windows can be downloaded from http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/. See Section 2.5, “How to Get MySQL”.
2.10.1. Choosing An Installation Package
For MySQL 5.0, there are three installation packages to choose from when installing MySQL on Windows:
The Essentials package. This package has a file name similar to and contains the minimum set of files needed to install MySQL on Windows, including the Configuration Wizard. This package does not include optional components such as the embedded server and benchmark suite.
The Complete package. This package has a file name similar to and contains all files needed for a complete Windows installation, including the Configuration Wizard. This package includes optional components such as the embedded server and benchmark suite.
The no-install archive. This package has a file name similar to and contains all the files found in the Complete install package, with the exception of the Configuration Wizard. This package does not include an automated installer, and must be manually installed and configured.
The Essentials package is recommended for most users. It is provided as an file for use with the Windows Installer. The Complete and Noinstall distributions are packaged as Zip archives. To use them, you must have a tool that can unpack files.
Your choice of install package affects the installation process you must follow. If you choose to install either the Essentials or Complete install packages, see Section 2.10.2, “Installing MySQL with the Automated Installer”. If you choose to install MySQL from the Noinstall archive, see Section 2.10.4, “Installing MySQL from a Noinstall Zip Archive”.
2.10.2. Installing MySQL with the Automated Installer
New MySQL users can use the MySQL Installation Wizard and MySQL Configuration Wizard to install MySQL on Windows. These are designed to install and configure MySQL in such a way that new users can immediately get started using MySQL.
The MySQL Installation Wizard and MySQL Configuration Wizard are available in the Essentials and Complete install packages. They are recommended for most standard MySQL installations. Exceptions include users who need to install multiple instances of MySQL on a single server host and advanced users who want complete control of server configuration.
2.10.2.1. Using the MySQL Installation Wizard
MySQL Installation Wizard is an installer for the MySQL server that uses the latest installer technologies for Microsoft Windows. The MySQL Installation Wizard, in combination with the MySQL Configuration Wizard, enables a user to install and configure a MySQL server that is ready for use immediately after installation.
The MySQL Installation Wizard is the standard installer for all MySQL server distributions, version 4.1.5 and higher. Users of previous versions of MySQL need to shut down and remove their existing MySQL installations manually before installing MySQL with the MySQL Installation Wizard. See Section 2.10.2.1.6, “Upgrading MySQL with the Installation Wizard”, for more information on upgrading from a previous version.
The Microsoft Windows Installer (MSI) is the standard for application installations on Windows 2000 and later versions. The MySQL Installation Wizard makes use of this technology to provide a smoother and more flexible installation process.
The Microsoft Windows Installer Engine was updated with the release of Windows XP; those using a previous version of Windows can reference this Microsoft Knowledge Base article for information on upgrading to the latest version of the Windows Installer Engine.
In addition, Microsoft has introduced the WiX (Windows Installer XML) toolkit, which is the first highly acknowledged Open Source project from Microsoft. We have switched to WiX because it is an Open Source project and it enables us to handle the complete Windows installation process in a flexible manner using scripts.
Improving the MySQL Installation Wizard depends on the support and feedback of users. If you find that the MySQL Installation Wizard is lacking some feature important to you, or if you discover a bug, please report it in our bugs database using the instructions given in Section 1.7, “How to Report Bugs or Problems”.
2.10.2.1.1. Downloading and Starting the MySQL Installation Wizard
MySQL installation packages can be downloaded from http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/. If the package you download is contained within a Zip archive, you need to extract the archive first.
If you are installing on Windows Vista it is best to open a network port for MySQL to use before beginning the installation. To do this, first ensure that you are logged in as an Administrator, then go to the and double-click the icon. Choose the option and click the Add port button. Enter into the Name text box and (or other port of your choice) into the Port number text box. Also ensure that the TCP protocol radio button is selected. If you wish, you can also limit access to the MySQL server by choosing the Change scope button. Confirm your choices by clicking the OK button. If you do not open a port prior to installation, you cannot configure the MySQL server immediately after installation. Additionally, when running the MySQL Installation Wizard on Windows Vista, ensure that you are logged in as a user with administrative rights.
The process for starting the wizard depends on the contents of the installation package you download. If there is a file present, double-click it to start the installation process. If there is an file present, double-click it to start the installation process.
2.10.2.1.2. Choosing an Installation Type
There are three installation types available: Typical, Complete, and Custom.
The Typical installation type installs the MySQL server, the mysql command-line client, and the command-line utilities. The command-line clients and utilities include mysqldump, myisamchk, and several other tools to help you manage the MySQL server.
The Complete installation type installs all components included in the installation package. The full installation package includes components such as the embedded server library, the benchmark suite, support scripts, and documentation.
The Custom installation type gives you complete control over which packages you wish to install and the installation path that is used. See Section 2.10.2.1.3, “The Custom Installation Dialog”, for more information on performing a custom install.
If you choose the Typical or Complete installation types and click the Next button, you advance to the confirmation screen to verify your choices and begin the installation. If you choose the Custom
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