Mobile media player 1.02 nokia serial key or number

A mobile operating system is an operating system for mobile phones, tablets, smartwatches, 2-in-1 PCs (that can be convert to a laptop mode or detach and work as a tablet mode), smart speaker, or other mobile devices. While computers such as typical laptops are 'mobile', the operating systems used on them are generally not considered mobile ones, as they were originally designed for desktop computers that historically did not have or need specific mobile features. This distinction is becoming blurred in some newer operating systems that are hybrids made for both uses.

Mobile operating systems combine features of a personal computer operating system with other features useful for mobile or handheld use,and usually including a wireless inbuilt modem and SIM tray for telephony and data connection. By Q1 2018, over 383 million smartphones were sold with 86.2 percent running Android and 12.9 percent running iOS.^[1]Android alone is more popular than the popular desktop operating system Microsoft Windows, and in general smartphone use (even without tablets) outnumbers desktop use.^{[citation needed]}

Mobile devices with mobile communications abilities (e.g., smartphones) contain two mobile operating systems – the main user-facing software platform is supplemented by a second low-level proprietary real-time operating system which operates the radio and other hardware. Research has shown that these low-level systems may contain a range of security vulnerabilities permitting malicious base stations to gain high levels of control over the mobile device.^[2]

Mobile operating systems have majority use since 2017 (measured by web use); with even only the smartphones running them (excluding tablets) more used than any other kind of device.^[3] Thus traditional desktop OS is now a minority used kind of OS; see usage share of operating systems. However, variations occur in popularity by regions, while desktop-minority also applies on some days in regions such as United States and United Kingdom.

Timeline[edit]

Mobile operating system milestones mirror the development of mobile phones, PDAs, and smartphones:

Pre-1993[edit]

1993–1999[edit]

• 1993
• 1994
• 1996
• 1997 – EPOC32 first appears on the Psion Series 5PDA. Release 6 of EPOC32 will later be renamed to Symbian OS.
• 1998 – Symbian Ltd. is formed as a joint venture by Psion, Ericsson, Motorola, and Nokia,^[10] Psion's EPOC32 OS becomes Symbian's EPOC operating system,^[11] and is later renamed to Symbian OS. Symbian's OS was used by those companies and several other major mobile phone brands, but especially Nokia.
• 1999

2000s[edit]

• 2000 – The Ericsson R380 is released with EPOC32 Release 5, marking the first use on a phone of what's to become known as Symbian OS (as of Release 6).^[18][19]
• 2001
• 2002
  • March
  • June
  • October – The Danger Hiptop (T-Mobile Sidekick in U.S.) is first released by Danger, Inc., running DangerOS.
• 2003 – Motorola introduces first linux based cellphone Motorola A760 base on Linux MontaVista distribution.
• 2005
• 2007
  • January – Apple's iPhone with iOS (named "iPhone OS" for its first three releases) is introduced as a "widescreen iPod," "mobile phone," and "Internet communicator".^[31]
  • February – Microsoft announces Windows Mobile 6.0.^[32]
  • May – Palm announces the Palm Foleo, a "Mobile Companion" device similar to a subnotebook computer, running a modified Linux kernal and relying on a companion Palm Treo smartphone to send and retrieve mail, as well as provide data connectivity when away from WiFi.^[33] Palm canceled Foleo development on September 4, 2007 after facing public criticism.^[34]
  • November – Open Handset Alliance (OHA) is established, led by Google with 34 members (HTC, Sony, Dell, Intel, Motorola, Samsung, LG, etc.)^[35][36]
• 2008
  • February – LiMo Foundation announces the first phones running the LiMo mobile Linux distribution, from Motorola, NEC, Panasonic Mobile, and Samsung,^[37][38] released later in the year. The LiMo Foundation later became the Tizen Association and LiMo was subsumed by Tizen.
  • June – Nokia becomes the sole owner of Symbian Ltd.^[39] The Symbian Foundation was then formed to co-ordinate the future development of the Symbian platform among the corporations using it, in a manner similar to the Open Handset Alliance with Android.^[40] Nokia remained the major contributor to Symbian's code.
  • July – Apple releases iPhone OS 2 with the iPhone 3G, making available Apple's App Store.^[41][42]
  • October – OHA releases Android (based on Linux kernel) 1.0 with the HTC Dream (T-Mobile G1) as the first Android phone.^[43]
  • November – Symbian^1, the Symbian Foundation's touch-specific S60-based platform (equivalent to S60 5th edition) is first released on Nokia's first touchscreen Symbian phone, the Nokia 5800 XpressMusic,^[44] with a resistive screen and a stylus.^[45] Symbian^1 being derived from S60 meant that support for UIQ disappeared and no further devices using UIQ were released.^[46]
• 2009

2010s[edit]

2010[edit]

• February
• April
• May – MicrosoftKin phone line with KIN OS (based on Windows CE and a "close cousin" to Windows Phone^[66]) become available.
• June – Apple releases iOS 4, renamed from iPhone OS, with the iPhone 4.
• July – MicrosoftKin phones and KIN OS are discontinued.^[67][68]
• September
• November

2011[edit]

• February
• April – BlackBerry Tablet OS, based on QNX Neutrino is released on the BlackBerryPlayBook.
• July
• August – HP announces that webOS device development and production lines would be halted.^[82] The last HP webOS version, 3.0.5, is released on January 12, 2012.^[83]
• September
• October
• November – Fire OS, a fork of the Android operating system, is released by Amazon.com on the Kindle Fire tablet.

2012[edit]

2013[edit]

2014[edit]

2015[edit]

• February – Google releases Android 5.1 "Lollipop".
• April
• September
• October – BlackBerry announces that there are no plans to release new APIs and software development kits for BlackBerry 10, and future updates would focus on security and privacy enhancements only.^[103]
• November – Microsoft releases Windows 10 Mobile.^[104]

2016[edit]

2017[edit]

2018[edit]

2019[edit]

• January
• June
• August
  • Huawei announced the EMUI 10 under beta release.
• September
• October
• Samsung announces the One UI 2.0 as the latest version of their Galaxy Smartphone and Smartwatch UI.
• November
  • Microsoft release the Windows November 10, 2019 Update.

Current software platforms[edit]

These operating systems often run atop baseband or other real time operating systems that handle hardware aspects of the phone.

Partly open source[edit]

Android[edit]

Android (based on the modified Linux kernel) is a mobile operating system developed by Google.^[116] The base system is open-source (and only the kernel copyleft), but the apps and drivers which provide functionality are increasingly becoming closed-source.^[117] Besides having the largest installed base worldwide on smartphones, it is also the most popular operating system for general purpose computers^{[further explanation needed]} (a category that includes desktop computers and mobile devices), even though Android is not a popular operating system for regular (desktop) personal computers (PCs). Although the Android operating system is free and open-source software,^[118] in devices sold, much of the software bundled with it (including Google apps and vendor-installed software) is proprietary software and closed source.^[119]

Android's releases before 2.0 (1.0, 1.5, 1.6) were used exclusively on mobile phones. Android 2.x releases were mostly used for mobile phones but also some tablets, Android 3.0 was a tablet-oriented release and does not officially run on mobile phones, while both phone and tablet compatibility was merged with Android 4.0. The current Android version is Android 10, released on September 3, 2019.

Google Android operating system

Android's release versions starting from 1.5 and until 9 are named after sweets or dessert items:

• 1.0 – (No codename) (API Level 1)
• 1.1 – (Internally known as "Petit Four") (API Level 2)
• 1.5 – Cupcake: (API Level 3)
• 1.6 – Donut: (API Level 4)
• 2.0 – Eclair: (API Level 5)
• 2.0.1 – Eclair: (API Level 6)
• 2.1 – Eclair: (API Level 7)
• 2.2.x – Froyo: (for "Frozen Yogurt"): (API Level 8)
• 2.3 – Gingerbread: (minor UI tweak): (API Level 9)
• 2.3.3 – Gingerbread: (API Level 10)
• 3.0 – Honeycomb: (major UI revamp): (API Level 11)
• 3.1 – Honeycomb: (API Level 12)
• 3.2 – Honeycomb: (API Level 13)
• 4.0 – Ice Cream Sandwich: (minor UI tweak): (API Level 14)
• 4.0.3 – Ice Cream Sandwich: (API Level 15)
• 4.1 – Jelly Bean: (API Level 16)
• 4.2 – Jelly Bean: (API Level 17)
• 4.3 – Jelly Bean: (API Level 18)
• 4.4.4 – KitKat: (API Level 19)
• 4.4W – KitKat Watch: (API Level 20)^[120]
• 5.0, 5.0.1, 5.0.2 – Lollipop: (major UI revamp): (API Level 21)
• 5.1, 5.1.1 – Lollipop: (API Level 22)
• 6.0 & 6.0.1 – Marshmallow: (API Level 23)
• 7.0 – Nougat: (API Level 24)^[121]
• 7.1, 7.1.1 – Nougat: (API Level 25)^[122]
• (minor UI tweak): (API Level 26)
• 8.0, 8.1 – Oreo: (API Level 27)^[123]
• 9.0 – Pie: (minor UI tweak): (API Level 28)
• 10.0 – 10: (API Level 29)
• 11.0 – 11: (API Level 30)

Android One[edit]

Android One is a software experience that runs on the unmodified Android operating system, which closely resembles those running on Pixel devices or previously, the Google Nexus program. Unlike most of the "stock" Androids running on the market, Android One UI closely resembles the Pixel UI, due to Android One being a software experience developed by Google and distributed to partners who signup for the program, such as Nokia Mobile(HMD) and Xiaomi. Thus, the overall UI is intended to be as clean as possible. OEM partners may tweak or add additional apps such as cameras to the firmware, otherwise most of the apps will be handled by Google proprietary apps. The update was handled by Google and will be internally tested by OEM before being distributed via OTA update to the end users.

• Android One version are same as AOSP, starting from Android 5.0 "Lollipop"

AliOS[edit]

Designed by Alibaba, based on Android.

Amazfit OS / Amazfit UI[edit]

Amazfit OS is an Android-based operating system developed by Huami for their smartwatches. Amazfit OS is not based on Wear OS, it is a custom Android-based OS that dedicated for their smartwatch with their proprietary interface and they do not officially support third apps installation as they lack of proper Apps distribution store.

BlackBerry Secure[edit]

BlackBerry Secure is an operating system developed by BlackBerry, based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). Officially announced the name for their Android based front-end touch interface in August 2017, before the announcement, BlackBerry Secure was running on BlackBerry brand devices such as BlackBerry Priv, DTEK 50/60 and BlackBerryKeyOne. Currently, BlackBerry plan to license out the BlackBerry Secure to other OEM's.

Current BlackBerry Secure version list

• BlackBerry Secure version 1.x (based on Android "Marshmallow" 6.x and "Nougat" 7.x) (initial release and minor UI update for devices that support Android Nougat)

ColorOS[edit]

ColorOS is a custom front-end touch interface, based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) and is developed by OPPO Electronics Corp. As of 2016^[update], OPPO officially releases ColorOS with every OPPO and Realme devices(Future Realme devices will be having their own custom version of ColorOS), and released an official ROM for the OnePlus One.

Current ColorOS version list

• ColorOS 1.0 (based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.1.x – 4.3.x) (initial release)
• ColorOS 2.0 (based on Android "KitKat" 4.4.x) (minor UI upgrade)
• ColorOS 2.1 (based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x – 5.1.x) (minor UI upgrade)
• ColorOS 3.0 (based on Android "Marshmallow" 6.0.x) (major UI revamp)
• ColorOS 3.5 (based on Android "Nougat" 7.x) (minor UI upgrade)
• ColorOS 5.x (based on Android "Oreo" 8.x) (redesigned UI)
• ColorOS 6.x (based on Android "10" 10.0 and "Pie" 9.0) (major UI revamp)
• ColorOS 7.x (based on Android "10" 10.0) (redesigned UI)
• ColorOS 11.x (based on Android "11" 11.0) (redesigned UI)

CopperheadOS[edit]

CopperheadOS, a security hardened version of Android

EMUI[edit]

Emotion User Interface (EMUI) is a front-end touch interface developed by Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. and is based on Google's Android Open Source Project (AOSP). EMUI is preinstalled on most Huawei and Honor devices. While it was based on open source Android operating system, it consists of closed source and proprietary software.

Current EMUI version list

/e/[edit]

/e/ is an operating system forked from the source code of LineageOS (based on Android). /e/ targets Android smart phone devices, and uses MicroG as a replacement for Google Play Services.^[124]

Current /e/ OS version list

• /e/ OS beta v0.1 (based on Android "Nougat" 7.1.x)
• /e/ OS beta v0.2 (based on Android "Oreo" 8.x.x)

Fire OS[edit]

Amazon Fire OS is an Android-based mobile operating system produced by Amazon for its Fire range of tablets, Echo and Echo Dot, and other content delivery devices like Fire TV (Previously for their Fire Phone). It is forked from Android. Fire OS primarily centers on content consumption, with a customized user interface and heavy ties to content available from Amazon's own storefronts and services.

Current Fire OS version list

• Fire OS 1.x
• Fire OS 2.x
• Fire OS 3.x
• Fire OS 4.x
• Fire OS 5.x
• Fire OS 6.x
• Fire OS 7.x

Flyme OS[edit]

Flyme OS is an operating system developed by Meizu Technology Co., Ltd., an open source OS based on GoogleAndroid Open Source Project (AOSP). Flyme OS is mainly installed on Meizu Smartphones such as the MX's series; however, it also has official ROM support for a few Android devices.

Current Flyme OS version list

• Flyme OS 1.x.x (based on Android "Ice Cream Sandwich" 4.0.3, initial release)
• Flyme OS 2.x.x (based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.1.x – 4.2.x)
• Flyme OS 3.x.x (based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.3.x)
• Flyme OS 4.x.x (based on Android "KitKat" 4.4.x)
• Flyme OS 5.x.x (based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x – 5.1.x)
• Flyme OS 6.x.x (based on Android "Nougat" 7.x, "Marshmallow" 6.0.x and Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x – 5.1.x for old devices^[125])
• Flyme OS 7.x.x (based on Android "Pie" 9.0 and "Oreo" 8.x)
• Flyme OS 8.x.x (based on Android "10" 10.0 and "Pie" 9.0)

Funtouch OS[edit]

Funtouch OS is a fork of an Android developed by Vivo. Funtouch OS is difference than traditional Android UI that the Funtouch OS includes some features unavailable in the former, such as:- customizable gestures, communication drawer with bottom to top swipe, a security centre, lock screen resize, options for long screen shot, eye protection changing to a warmer color temperature and others. Funtouch OS, in some respects, looks similar to iOS made by Apple.

Current Funtouch OS version list

• Funtouch OS 1.x (based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.1.x – 4.3.x, initial release)
• Funtouch OS 2.x (based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x, redesigned UI)
• Funtouch OS 3.x (based on Android "Marshmallow" 6.0.x, redesigned UI)
• Funtouch OS 4.x (based on Android "Oreo" 8.x, redesigned UI)
• Funtouch OS 5.x (based on Android "Oreo" 8.x, redesigned UI)
• Funtouch OS 10.x (based on Android "10" 10.0, redesigned UI)

GrapheneOS[edit]

GrapheneOS, formerly named Android Hardening, is a variant of Android that runs on Pixel 2 or Pixel 3 hardware, is mainly developed by Daniel Micay as of 2019^[update], and aims to focus on security and privacy.

HTC Sense[edit]

HTC Sense is a software suite developed by HTC, used primarily on the company's Android-based devices. Serving as a successor to HTC's TouchFLO 3D software for Windows Mobile, Sense modifies many aspects of the Android user experience, incorporating added features (such as an altered home screen and keyboard), widgets

• Cisco Aironet® 350 Series Access Point

• Cisco Aironet 1100 Series Access Point

• Cisco Aironet 1130 AG Access Point

• Cisco Aironet 1200 Series Access Point

• Cisco Aironet 1240 AG Access Point

• Cisco Aironet 1300 Series Access Point

• Cisco Aironet 1000 Series Lightweight Access Point

• FCC:

– 2.412-2.462 GHz; 11 channels

– 5.15-5.25 GHz (Information Infrastructure [UNII]-1), 5.25-5.35 GHz (UNII-2), 5.725-5.825 GHz (UNII-3); 12 channels

– 5. 47-5.725 GHz; 11 channels

• ETSI:

– 2.412-2.472 GHz; 13 channels

– 5.15-5.725 GHz; 19 channels

• Japan :

– 2.412-2.472 GHz; 13 channels Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (ODFM)

– 2.412-2.484 GHz; 14 channels Complementary Code Keying (CCK)

– 5.15-5.725 GHz; 19 channels

• World:

– Uses 802.11d to identify band ranges and channels

Table 1. Throughput Ranges

• Authentication:

– Cisco Wireless Security Suite IEEE 802.1x

– Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol (LEAP) Authentication

– Extensible Authentication Protocol Flexible Authentication via Secure Tunneling (EAP-FAST)

– 802.11i (802.1x Authentication + TKIP Encryption, 802.1x Authentication + AES Encryption)

– Cisco Centralized Key Management (CCKM)

• Encryption:

– 40- and 128-bit static Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)

– Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) and Message Integrity Check (MIC)

– Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)

• Abbreviated dialing

• Auto answer

• Barge

• Call back

• Call forward

• Call history lists

• Call park

• Call pickup

• Call waiting

• Caller ID

• cBarge

• Corporate directory

• Conference

• Direct transfer

• Fast dial service

• Group call pickup

• Hold

• Immediate divert

• Join

• Malicious caller ID

• Message waiting indicator

• Meet-me conference

• Multi level precedence and preemption (MLPP)

• Music on hold

• Mute

• Network profiles (automatic)

• OPickUp

• Personal directory

• Privacy

• Redial

• Service URL

• Shared line

• Transfer

Table 2. Differences Between the Cisco Unified Wireless IP Phone 7921G and the Cisco Unified Wireless IP Phone 7920

• Certificates

• Image authentication

• Device authentication

• File authentication

• Signaling authentication

• Secure Cisco Unified SRST

• Media encryption using SRTP

• Signaling encryption using TLS Protocol

• CAPF

• Secure profiles

• Encrypted configuration files

MeeGo is a discontinued Linux distribution hosted by the Linux Foundation, using source code from the operating systemsMoblin (produced by Intel) and Maemo (produced by Nokia).^[1] Primarily targeted at mobile devices and information appliances in the consumer electronics market, MeeGo was designed to act as an operating system for hardware platforms such as netbooks, entry-level desktops, nettops, tablet computers, mobile computing and communications devices, in-vehicle infotainment devices, SmartTV / ConnectedTV, IPTV-boxes, smart phones, and other embedded systems.^[2]

Nokia wanted to make MeeGo its primary smartphone operating system in 2010, but after a change in direction it was stopped in February 2011, leaving Intel alone in the project. The Linux Foundation canceled MeeGo in September 2011 in favor of Tizen, which Intel then joined in collaboration with Samsung.^[3] A community-driven successor called Mer was formed that year. A Finnish start-up, Jolla, picked up Mer^[4] to develop a new operating system: Sailfish OS, and launched Jolla Phone smartphone at the end of 2013.^[5] Another Mer derivative called Nemo Mobile was also developed.

History[edit]

MeeGo T01 was first announced at Mobile World Congress in February 2010 by Intel and Nokia in a joint press conference. The stated aim is to merge the efforts of Intel's Moblin and Nokia's Maemo former projects into one new common project that would drive a broad third party application ecosystem. According to Intel, MeeGo was developed because Microsoft did not offer comprehensive Windows 7 support for the Atom processor.^[6] On February 16, 2010 a tech talk notice was posted about the former Maemo development project founded in 2009 and code named Harmattan, that originally slated to become Maemo 6. Those notice stated that Harmattan is now considered to be a MeeGo instance (though not a MeeGo product), and Nokia is giving up the Maemo branding for Harmattan on the Nokia N9 and beyond. (Any previous Maemo versions up to Maemo 5, a.k.a. Fremantle, will still be referred to as Maemo.) In addition it was made clear that only the naming was given up whilst development on that Harmattan will continue so that any schedules will be met.^[7]

Aminocom and Novell also played a large part in the MeeGo effort, working with the Linux Foundation on their build infrastructure and official MeeGo products. Amino was responsible for extending MeeGo to TV devices,^[8] while Novell was increasingly introducing technology that was originally developed for openSUSE, (including Open Build Service, ZYpp for package management, and other system management tools).^[2][9] In November 2010, AMD also joined the alliance of companies that were actively developing MeeGo.^[10]

Quite noticeable changes in the project setup happened on February 11, 2011 when Nokia officially announced to switch over to Windows Phone 7 and thus abandoning MeeGo and the partnership.^[11] Nokia CEO Stephen Elop said in an interview with Engadget: "What we’re doing is not thinking of MeeGo as the Plan B. We’re thinking about MeeGo and related development work as what’s the next generation."^[12][13] Nokia did eventually release one MeeGo smartphone that year running "Harmattan", the Nokia N9.

On 27 September 2011, it was announced by Intel employee Imad Sousou that in collaboration with Samsung MeeGo will be replaced by Tizen during 2012.^{[3][14][15][16][17][18]}

Community developers from the Mer (software distribution) project however started to continue MeeGo without Intel and Nokia.^[19][20][21] At a later time some of the former MeeGo developers from Nokia headed for founding the company Jolla that after some time popped up with a MeeGo and it's free successor Mer based OS platform they called Sailfish OS.^[22]

Overview[edit]

MeeGo is intended to run on a variety of hardware platforms including hand-helds, in-car devices, netbooks and televisions.^[23] All platforms share the MeeGo core, with different “User Experience” ("UX") layers for each type of device. MeeGo is designed by combining the best of both Intel's Fedora-based Moblin and Nokia's Debian-based Maemo. When it was first announced, the then President and CEO of Nokia, Olli-Pekka Kallsvuo, said that MeeGo would create an ecosystem, which is the best among other operating systems and will represent players from different countries.^[24]

System requirements[edit]

MeeGo provides support for both ARM and Intel x86 processors with SSSE3 enabled^[25] and uses btrfs as the default file system.^[26]

User interfaces[edit]

Screenshot of MeeGo's Netbook UX

Within the MeeGo project there are several graphical user interfaces – internally called User Experiences ("UX").

Netbook[edit]

The Netbook UX is a continuation of the Moblin interface. It is written using the Clutter-based Mx toolkit, and uses the Mutter window manager.

Samsung Netbook NP-N100 use MeeGo for its operating system.^[27]

MeeGo's netbook version uses several Linux applications in the background, such as Evolution (Email, calendar), Empathy (instant messaging), Gwibber (microblogging), Chromium (web browser), and Banshee (multimedia player), all integrated into the graphical user interface.

Handset[edit]

Handset UX from MeeGo 1.1 "Day 1"

The Handset UX is based on Qt, with GTK+ and Clutter included to provide compatibility for Moblin applications.^[25] To support the hundreds of Hildon-based Maemo applications, users have to install the Hildon library ported by the maemo.org community. Depending on the device, applications will be provided from either the Intel AppUp or the Nokia Ovidigital software distribution systems.^[28]

The MeeGo Handset UX's "Day 1" prerelease was on 30 June 2010. The preview was initially available for the Aava Mobile Intel Moorestown platform, and a ‘kickstart’ file provided for developers to build an image for the Nokia N900.^[29][30]

Smartphone[edit]

MeeGo OS v1.2 "Harmattan" is used in Nokia N9 and N950 phones.

Tablet[edit]

MeeGo's Tablet UX as a pre-alpha version

Intel demonstrated the Tablet UX on a Moorestown-basedtablet PC at COMPUTEX Taipei in early June 2010.

Since then, some information appeared on MeeGo website indicating there will be a Tablet UX part of the MeeGo project, but it is not known if this UX will be the one demonstrated by Intel. This Tablet UX will be fully free like the rest of the MeeGo project and will be coded with Qt and the MeeGo Touch Framework.^[31] Intel has revealed interest in combining Qt with Wayland instead of X11 in MeeGo Touch in order to utilize the latest graphics technologies supported by Linux kernel, which should improve user experiences and reduce system complexity.^[32][33]

Minimum hardware requirements are currently unknown.

The WeTab runs MeeGo T01 with a custom user interface and was made available in September 2010.^[34]

In-Vehicle infotainment[edit]

MeeGo's IVI UX as shipped with MeeGo 1.1

The GENIVI Alliance, a consortium of several car makers and their industry partners, uses Moblin with Qt as base for its 'GENIVI 1.0 Reference Platform' for In-Vehicle Infotainment (IVI) and automotive navigation system as a uniformed mobile computing platform. Graham Smethurst of GENIVI Alliance and BMW Group announced in April 2010 the switch from Moblin to MeeGo.^[35][36]

Smart TV[edit]

Intel planned to develop a version of MeeGo for IPTV set top boxes, but had since cancelled.^[37]

Licensing[edit]

The MeeGo framework consists of a wide variety of original and upstream components, all of which are licensed under licenses certified by the Free Initiative (such as the GNU General Public License). In order to allow hardware vendors to personalize their device's user experiences, the project's license policy requires that MeeGo's reference User Experience subsystems be licensed under a Permissive free software license – except for libraries that extend MeeGo API's (which were licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License to help discourage fragmentation), or applications (which can be licensed separately).^[38]

Technical foundations[edit]

The MeeGo Core integrates elements of two other Linux distributions: Maemo (a distribution which Nokia derived from Debian) and Moblin (which Intel derived from Fedora).^[39]

MeeGo uses RPMsoftware repositories. It is one of the first Linux distributions to deploy Btrfs as the default file system.

Although most of the software in MeeGo's Jolla interface use the Qtwidget toolkit, it also supports GTK+.^[40] The final revision of MeeGo Qt v4.7, Qt Mobility v1.0, OpenGL ES v2.0.^[41] MeeGo also supports the Accounts & SSO, Maliit, oFonosoftware frameworks.

MeeGo compiles software with the openSUSE Build Service.^[42]

Derivatives[edit]

MeeGo and its related mobile operating systems

Predecessors & siblings of Tizen

As with Moblin before, MeeGo also serves as a technology pool from which software vendors can derive new products.

MeeGo/Harmattan[edit]

Even though MeeGo was initiated as collaboration between Nokia and Intel, the collaboration was formed when Nokia was already developing the next incarnation of its Maemo Linux distribution. As a result, the Maemo 6 base operating system was kept intact while the Handset UX was shared, with the name changed to "MeeGo/Harmattan".^[7]

On 21 June 2011, Nokia announced its first MeeGo/Harmattan smartphone device, Nokia N9.^[43]

Mer[edit]

The original Mer project was a free re-implementation of Maemo, ported to the Nokia Internet Tablet N800. When MeeGo first appeared this work was discontinued and the development effort went to MeeGo.

After both Nokia and then Intel abandoned MeeGo, the Mer project was revived and continued to develop the MeeGo codebase and tools. It is now being developed in the open by a meritocratic community. Mer provides a Core capable of running various UXs developed by various other projects, and will include maintained application development APIs, such as Qt, EFL, and HTML5/WAC.

Some of the former MeeGo user interface were already ported to run on top of Mer, such as the handset reference UX, now called Nemo Mobile. There are also a couple of new tablet UXes available, such as Cordia and Plasma Active. Mer is considered to be the legitimate successor of Meego, as the other follow-up project Tizen (see below) changed the APIs fundamentally.

Nemo Mobile[edit]

Nemo Mobile is a community driven operating system incorporating Mer targeted at mobile phones and tablet.

Sailfish OS[edit]

Sailfish OS is an operating system developed by the Finnish startup Jolla. It also incorporates Mer. After Nokia abandoned their participation in the MeeGo project, the directors and core professionals from Nokia's N9 team left the company and together formed Jolla, to bring MeeGo back into the market mainstream. This effort eventually resulted in the creation of the Sailfish OS. The Sailfish OS and the Sailfish OS SDK are based on the core and the tools of the Mer core distribution,^[44] which is a revival of the core of the MeeGo project^[45] (a meritocracy-governed and managed successor of the MeeGo OS, but without its own Graphical User Interface and system kernel). Sailfish includes a multi-tasking user interface that Jolla intends to use to differentiate its smartphones from others and as a competitive advantage against devices that run Google's Android or Apple's iOS.^[46] Among other things, the Sailfish OS is characterised by:

• can be used with a wide range of devices in the same way as MeeGo
• Jolla continues to use the MeeGo APIs (via Mer), which consists of:
  • Qt 4.7 [Qt47]
  • Qt Mobility 1.0 [QtMob]
  • OpenGL ES 2.0 [OGLES]^[41]
  • updated version, like Qt 5.0 are or will be used in/via Mer core;
• an in-house Jolla GUI (successor of swipe UI) for smartphone devices;
• uses QML, Qt and HTML5;
• thanks to Mer, the core can run on various hardware like Intel, ARM and any other which has a kernel able to work with the Mer core;
• open source, except for some of Jolla's UI elements. Those interested in further development can become involved through the Mer project or the Sailfish Alliance or Jolla;
• Jolla, i.e. the Sailfish team, is an active contributor to the Mer project

Tizen[edit]

Although Tizen was initially announced as a continuation of the MeeGo effort, there is little shared effort and architecture between these projects, since Tizen inherited much more from Samsung's LiMo than from MeeGo. As most of the Tizen work is happening behind closed doors and is done by Intel and Samsung engineers, the people involved in the former MeeGo open source project continued their work under Mer and projects associated with it. Because Tizen does not use the Qt framework,^[47] which is the core part of Meego's API (see above), Tizen cannot technically be considered to be a derivate of MeeGo.

SUSE and Smeegol Linux[edit]

On 1 June 2010, Novell announced that they would ship a SUSE Linux incarnation with MeeGo's Netbook UX (MeeGo User Experience) graphical user interface.^[48]

A MeeGo-based Linux distribution with this user interface is already available from openSUSE's Goblin Team under the name Smeegol Linux, this project combines MeeGo with openSUSE to get a new netbook-designed Linux distribution. What makes Smeegol Linux unique when compared to the upstream MeeGo or openSUSE is that this distribution is at its core based on openSUSE but has the MeeGo User Experience as well as a few other changes such as adding the Mono-based Banshee media player, NetworkManager-powered network configuration, a newer version of Evolution Express, and more. Any end-users can also build their own customized Smeegol Linux OS using SUSE Studio.^[9][49]

Fedora[edit]

Fedora 14 contains a selection of software from the MeeGo project.^[50]

Linpus[edit]

Linpus Technologies is working on bringing their services on top of MeeGo Netbook and MeeGo Tablet.^[51][52]

Splashtop[edit]

The latest version of the instant-on OS Splashtop-platform (by Splashtop Inc. which was previously named DeviceVM Inc.) is compliant with MeeGo, and future version of Splashtop will be based on MeeGo and will be available for commercial use in the first half of 2011.^[53][54]

Release schedule[edit]

It was announced at the Intel Developer Forum 2010 that MeeGo would follow a six-month release schedule. Version 1.0 for Atom netbooks and a code drop for the Nokia N900 became available for download as of Wednesday, 26 May 2010^[update].

Project planning

Launch[edit]

In February 2011, Nokia announced a partnership with Microsoft for mobile handsets^[72] and the departure of Nokia's MeeGo team manager Alberto Torres,^[73] leading to speculation as to Nokia's future participation in MeeGo development or using Windows Phone by Nokia.

In September 2011, Nokia began shipping the first MeeGo smartphone Nokia N9, ahead of the Windows Phone 7 launch expected later this year.^[74][75] The first MeeGo-based tablet WeTab was launched in 2010 by Neofonie.

In early July 2012, Nokia's Meego development lead Sotiris Makyrgiannis and other team members left Nokia.^[76]

Companies supporting the project[edit]

See also[edit]

• Comparison of mobile operating systems
• Sailfish OS - the operating system by Jolla with the Mer core, the legacy of MeeGo OS by Nokia&Intel partnership developed further by Jolla
• Mer core - the core stack of code by merproject.org, one of main parts of Sailfish OS, free open source software which initially has consisted in about 80% of the MeeGo original open source code.
• Nokia X platform - the next Linux project by Nokia
• KaiOS
• Hongmeng OS

References[edit]